I'm running on Windows 7 right now for kicking the tires, as it were. I had to do a couple small changes to get it going, so I am sharing them below:

1. Writable directories and files

On the WordPress Installation Guide for CiviCRM 4.1, you'll see the error mentioned "The user account used by your web-server needs to be granted write access to the following directory..." and a link to the CiviCRM forums. The suggested fix to change the read-only flag on the directories and files did not work for me, using the GUI or command line on Windows 7 (as administrator or not as administrator).

The workaround that allowed me to continue was to comment out the checking for writable directories in the /plugins/civicrm/civicrm/install/index.php lines 368 to 370:

        foreach ( $writableDirectories as $dir ) {
            /*$this->requireWriteable( CIVICRM_DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $dir,
                array("File permissions", "Is the $dir folder writeable?", null ),
                true );*/
        }

2. Fix an HTTP Error 500 Internal Server Error

I clicked the CiviCRM install button and everything seemed to be running. But, clicking "CiviCRM" on the sidebar, I got an HTTP 500 error. Uh oh. Nothing specific was mentioned in the web server logs as to why. After some trial and error, I fixed it by editing the civicrm.settings.php file. $civicrm_root and CIVICRM_TEMPLATE_COMPILEDIR variables. They had a mixture of forward slashes, backslashes and double backslashes in the paths. Once I changed them all to single forward slashes, I could reach CiviCRM. My example below:

global $civicrm_root;

$civicrm_root = 'D:/www/wordpress/public_html/wp-content/plugins/civicrm/civicrm/';
define( 'CIVICRM_TEMPLATE_COMPILEDIR',
'D:/www/wordpress/public_html/wp-content/plugins/files/civicrm/templates_c/' );